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The Palmer drought index, sometimes called the Palmer drought severity index, is a regional drought index commonly used for monitoring drought events and studying areal extent and severity of drought episodes. The index uses precipitation and temperature data to study moisture supply and demand using a simple water balance model. It was developed by meteorologist Wayne Palmer, who first published his method in the 1965 paper Meteorological Drought for the Office of Climatology of the U.S. Weather Bureau. The Palmer Drought Index is based on a supply-and-demand model of soil moisture. Supply is comparatively straightforward to calculate, but demand is more complicated as it depends on many factors, not just temperature and the amount of moisture in the soil but also hard-to-calibrate factors including evapotranspiration and recharge rates.

Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index - The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index is a multiscalar drought index based on climatic data. It was developed by Vicente-Serrano et al. at the Institute Pirenaico de Ecologia in Zaragoza, Spain.

Drought - A drought is a period of drier-than-normal conditions. A drought can last for days, months or years. Drought often has large impacts on the ecosystems and agriculture of affected regions, and causes harm to the local economy.

Meteorological indices

Droughts

Climate change and agriculture

Hydrology